Comparitive study of hepatic coumarin hydroxylase [cyp2a-5] induction by heavy metal tin

The selective induction of the hepatic coumarin hydroxylase [Cyp 2a-5] elicited by the heavy metal tin [Sn C12] has been compared in male NMRI mice with that of the standard inducers, phenobarbitone [PB] and 3-methylcholanthrene [MC]. Although the standard inducers, PB and MC increase the microsomal specific content of cytochrome P 450 [P 450/mg microsomal protein], stannous chloride leads to a decrease in this concentration. On the other hand, regarding Cyp 2a-5 activity, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase was increased to about 3.5-fold and coumarin 7-hydroxylase as much as 8-fold after pretreatment with stannous chloride. This-increase was much higher than that caused by PB, the only well known inducer of coumarin 7-hydroxylase and MC. However, the 2.2- or 2.4-fold increase in the N-demethylation of ehtylmorphine of benzphetamine, the model substrate used to visualize the latent PB-induction, by PB were insignificantly decreased after pretreatment by stannous chloride. The same is true when ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, which would indicate MC-induction type was considered. Stannous chloride did not affect such activity whereas the MC increases it to about 11-fold. The data indicate that the heavy metal salt-stannous chloride causes induction of microsomal monooxygenase complex selective for coumarin 7-hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and does not affect the rate of metabolism of model substrates, which would indicate a PB-or MC-type of induction

Uma abordagem em experiência patogenética / An approach in pathogenetic experiment

Objetivando esclarecer aspectos doutrinários homeopáticos e tentar mostrar uma abordagem patogenética ainda näo trabalhada, apresentam-se os resultados da experimentaçäo de uma substância em pessoas de harmonia, chamados de "experimentadores säos". A substância, desconhecida para o diretor de experimentaçäo e experimentadores, foi preparada de acordo à farmacotécnica homeopática e utilizada em dinamizaçöes ascendentes (6 CH - 12 CH - 30 CH -200 C - MC - 10 MC - 50 M C), registrando-se os sintomas desencadeados. Antes do início da experimentaçäo usou-se o placebo , exigindo-se como condiçäo prévia, conhecer o medicamento homeopático de cada experimentador. Tal abordagem permitiu: a observaçäo de sintomas comuns à substância (Stannum met.) e ao medicamento dos experimentadores em 87,9% dos momentos sintomáticos; o retornar de sintomas desencadeados pela experimentaçäo; a ressonância pela similitude; a percepçäo de forma clara do efeito placebo; bem como sugere uma série de cuidados a serem tomados em futuras experimentaçöes onde o ser humano for interrogado em sua totalidade. Buscar entender a resposta global e näo parcialidades